Hydraulic Cylinders: Troubleshooting and Repairing the Internal Components
Hydraulic cylinders are critical components in most engineering vehicles, construction equipment and other industrial machinery. These function as mechanical actuators, so they are central in the control of the entire hydraulic system. Typically, a hydraulic cylinder is designed to provide long-term service in the pertinent equipment. However, the component can fail prematurely due to impact or eventual degradation due to continued heavy usage.
If this happens, you must perform immediate repairs to restore optimal functionality and promote longevity. Ideally, the inspection and repair of internal components should be performed by a specialist. However, cylinders are relatively uncomplicated, so you can perform the repairs as long as you can identify the specific parts. Here are some simple guidelines on inspecting, troubleshooting and repairing the internal components of a hydraulic cylinder.
Piston Rod
When you disassemble the hydraulic cylinder, you will be able to recognise the piston rod. As implied, this internal component is steel rod which is usually attached to the cylinder piston. The piston can sustain different forms of damage which will compromise the function. In general, you should check the chrome-plated surface's wear pattern. If one is dull and the other polished, the rod is bent. This should be straightened using a press. The chrome surface might also be pitted and scored. If this is the case, you should have the rod replaced or re-chromed.
Piston Seal
The piston seal will be useless in the cylinder if it does not fit in with the barrel. In simple terms, the seals help the piston in separating the different pressure zones in the barrel, so poor compatibility means that the pressure will be released. Check whether the seal is present or if it is distorted and eroded. If this is the case, you will need to install new seals to restore original function. If the seals are in good condition but the piston is still loose, then the barrel might be oversized or bulging. In this case, replace the barrel for better performance.
Barrel
The barrel is highly durable, but it can become scored and pitted over time. This will reduce its performance and accelerate the degradation of the piston seals. Fortunately, you can resolve this damage by honing the cylinder or fine grinding the surface to eliminate the imperfections. Alternatively, replace the barrel, though this will be more expensive.
You should also inspect the pistons, cylinder heads and rod seals before reassembly of the cylinder. If these components do not fit in their position or they are significantly scored or eroded, consider immediate replacement.
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